Tailored surgery for esophageal body diverticula.

OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to identify the presence of associated functional disorders (dysmotility or gastro-esophageal reflux, GER), to select patients who need surgery and to plan a tailored surgical treatment in patients affected by esophageal body diverticula. METHODS We report on 51 consecutive patients with esophageal body diverticula, observed at our department, who underwent a thorough functional evaluation by means of radiology, endoscopy and manometry; 24 h pH-monitoring was performed in 11 patients who complained of symptoms of GER. The treatment of choice was planned in each patient on the basis of the following elements: the need of diverticulum excision and correction of esophageal body dismotility, LES dysfunction or GER. RESULTS An esophageal motor dysfunction was detected in 73% (37 patients) of our total cases with an impaired LES function in 53% (27 patients); GER was identified in nine out the 11 patients submitted for 24 h pH-monitoring. On the overall series, we observed dysmotility or GER in 49/51 patients (96%). Sixteen patients did not require surgical treatment and eight patients refused it; 27 patients underwent tailored surgery. The overall complication rate was 11% (two esophageal fistulae, one acute coronary disease) with 7% mortality rate (one septic shock from esophageal leakage and one myocardial infarction). At follow up (average 47 months; range 6-103 months) 92% satisfactory results (Visick I and II) and only 8% of poor results were observed in our series. None of 13 patients who underwent conservative management had major complications at mean follow-up of 64 months. CONCLUSIONS Based upon our experience, we believe that any case of diverticulum of the esophageal body deserves a complete physiopathological evaluation because an underlying functional disorder is associated in most cases. The evidence that the diverticulum per se can be considered as the ultimate phenomenon of an underlying functional disease determined the need for a tailored surgery, planning treatment of the functional disorder as the primary goal, not necessarily associated with a diverticulectomy. In our experience a tailored surgical treatment provided best results.